a pig farm DEDICATED TO THE SEMI-EXTENSIVE EXPLOITATION A) FACILITIES
The facility is one of the most important roles in the investment program for pig farming. Well absolutely represent payments necessary that do not produce immediate profits. For this reason the fixed capital must be the minimum. Facilities and equipment can greatly facilitate the management of the herd if they are functional and racionalmente.Las planned facilities must meet certain basic requirements for hygiene, counseling, economics, rationalization of work and easy to use. The magnificent facilities, exaggerated and complicated addition to being wasteful reveal the limited knowledge of who under proyecta.La is in its simplicity and common sense, economics and aesthetics. To produce more efficiently and pigs need adequate facilities, due to their feeding habits MONOGASTRIC-omnivorous, their difficulty in sweat, their natural tendency to quiet his need to save energy and poor termorregulador.A apparatus so that equipment and facilities meet its objectives of facilitating the raising of pork must meet the following conditions:
· Hygiene
• Counseling correct
· Functionality
• Low cost facilities are hygienic when they are well ventilated and meet the climatic factors (wind, temperature, humidity). They should also allow proper exposure to the sun or protection under the circumstances. In areas where the climate is temperate and warm, the facilities must be open since in most cases the problem is to overcome the heat. The cold is a barrier only during the first week of life of the piglet.
B) CHOICE OF VENUE
Within the odds, the place for pigs, should be high, sunny, dry, airy, well-graded to permit rapid drainage of water, soil and permeable fértil.Los damp, dark , cold, low and raincoats are inadequate and uncomfortable for the pig explotación.Como transpiration is zero, the animal looks moist places, ponds, marshes, etc.Sin But if shelters are well ventilated and shaded picket hardcover, pork can dispense with puddles, marshes and pools, real pockets of parasites and other enfermedades.La humidity is the greatest enemy of the pig. A low temperature high humidity predisposes the animal to diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems. If the humidity and temperature are high cause loss of appetite and create optimal conditions for external parasites and internos.Las facilities for pigs must be based on areas of good roads, allowing permanent access to criadero.Se should perform installations in remote areas vehicular traffic and vacunos.Esta last precaution is important in controlling the disease brucellosis, diseases that cause heavy losses in the current exploitation Pig.
C) DIVISION OF NURSERY
Regardless of rearing conditions used, the kennel must have a rational distribution to provide a functional communications parts and allows easy handling of animals and access for vehicles without dificultad.En the exploitation of pigs there are basically two cycles to be taken into account:
a) Piglet
b) Cerda mother
a) The cycle begins in the maternity sucker to delivery, continued on end rearing and fattening on the track with the termination.
b) will sow motherhood, after weaning is covered by the stallion remains in lots of pregnancy and motherhood again.
D)
MATERNITY Motherhood is a plant for the sow will give birth, and should provide comfort for the mother, safety to the piglets and ease in handling. Installation is essential in any system necessary first step crianza.La productivity of the flock, is the reproducibility that begins and ends with service delivery. A well taken care delivery ensures a good start for the life of the piglet, and adequate facilities provided care at birth and there are numerous types lechones.Aunque maternity there are some features common to all, a heat source, a retracting and guard against crushing. The newborn piglet needs heat when the ambient temperature is below 25 ° C. Where power is the problem is solved with infrared lamps. On farms without electricity the lamp can be replaced with plenty of good repair and paja.También bed gas can be used as screens used in houses for rearing baby chicks. In this case the heat source is placed in the retracted, which is an indispensable tool in the maternity where the piglets will remain there over 15 age días.Hasta that breast milk can meet the needs the lechigada.A nutrition from 15 days markedly increased the nutritional demands of the sucker and you have to add a supplementary ration in a place not accessible to the mother, ie escamoteador.Durante the first week of life of piglets these are clumsy and slow because the birth mother. That is why to prevent deaths by crushing placed protective for piglets, made with half-inch pipes, iron bars, round tables, etc.Los guards should be placed a distance of 20 cm. soil and 30 cm. wall.
1) farrowing
field in the system are used extensively and are constructed with three sheets of corrugated zinc of 1.80 cm long riveted and fixed in ends by iron supports. Because they have no heat source is placed in them abundant litter.
2) farrowing rate INTA
This is a source of heat for the piglets and their construction is completed with a small patio where the mother has access to the feed and water. Besides exercising and prevents soiling the calving grounds. On the back wall opens a small door that allows the output of pig to picket the width of the farrowing and 10 m long. In this squad is the feed for piglets.
3) Cage
calving Numerous variants can be built with wood, iron or masonry. The cage measures 0.75 m by 2.04 m in one end are
the feeder and drinker
and the other a grid for the elimination of feces and urine. The side walls are 0.25 m of floor
this space and put their heads piglets to suckle. Next to the cage is the retractable piglets with your heat source. You must leave a walkway to the front and another behind the cage
to perform tasks of health care, hygiene and nutrition.
4) Maternity functional
Considering the health hazards, handling difficulties and high costs of different types of maternity described, it is preferable to devise a functional maternity, which take advantage of weather conditions. Maternity must be a functional building whose major axis lies within the east-west. The south side will be closed to 1.70 m high, to protect against winds fríos.El service corridor shall measure 1.20 m wide and be located next to the wall sur.El covered area of \u200b\u200beach cell material 1.60 m wide by 2.05 m long. In the front is placed pickets pasted for use by piglets on dry days when the grass is not wet. The decline of
floor will be 2% from south to north. All liquid manure out through an opening between the wall and floor
on the north side of the cell and are collected in a jugglers canaleta.Los must be 0.70 m by 1 m and be located between two cells. In the center of the
jugglers trough was located for piglets. The feeder
the sow will service aisle to facilitate the distribution of Drinker
alimentos.El with a small ramp for piglets will be placed in the lowest part of the solarium, or along the wall externa.En whisked away from the wall, placed guards to prevent injury.
E) PADRILLERAS are the property of the stallions, they must meet a minimum of features necessary for comfort and ease of pigs manejo.El perimeter fence must be constructed in such a way that prevents the output of cerdo.La door should be wide to allow entry of a tractor to facilitate the work of leveling the floor
suelo.La and work of surface compound should not be less than 100 m square must have a well-designed shelter that provides shelter and shade to picket cerdo.El should have pasto.El
feeder for daily ration should be under roof, and the drinker
at the other end of the picket, so the pig is forced to walk for food and abrevarse.Los services wherever possible will be done in the padrillera. This facilitates control.No annotations should put the stallions separated by a fence wire, because if they are altered, worn look and energy fighting unnecessarily.
F) MANGA, Bret, CEPO and bathtub
In farms with more than 50 sows is warranted sleeve construction chute, trap and vat to perform necessary operations such as dips, vaccines, treatments, classification of animals, etc. .
1) Manga construction made of wood, circular shape of 0.80 m in height, used to enclose a lot of pigs. Its dimensions vary with the size of the kennel. It is better to build a manga for 100 pigs (you need 1 sq m per pig). The sleeve has a gate that gives the pen
and an opening leading to the chute through the funnel.
2) Brete long wooden corridor, the same height as the sleeve with trapezoidal section. The
is concrete floor for easy cleaning. It is situated a bit higher than ground level and always leave a gap of 5 cm between it and the first table. At the bottom walls which have a separation of 30 cm and above 50 to 60 cm. The length of the chute is variable according to the size of the sleeve. It uses one-tenth of the capacity of the manga.
3) Cepo apparatus designed to contain and restrain the pig to carry out treatment or parenting practices. The trap can be replaced using the loop method.
4) Bañaderos The pigs often become infested with head lice, scabies and other ectoparasites contagious and difficult to control. These problems are solved with bathrooms that can be accomplished in several ways:
· For immersion
· By spraying The pig wallows are of brick or stone, with internal plaster it waterproof.
· Depth: 1 m · Width: 0.50 m
· Length 3 m in the output should be a drainer that allows to recover part of the product and avoid the formation of small hatcheries barro.En where construction is not justified, can combat ectoparasites by spraying.
G) Piquet, fences
AND SHADOW
1) Pickets Pickets are
grassy areas for exercise and complete the feeding of pigs. Adequate control of these pickets preserved grasslands in good condition. To achieve this, should be avoided, the pigs graze when excessive moisture and should be stapling all animals older than 2 months old to prevent dare.
2) fences
If pigs are well fed the fences
secondary importance, as the animals have a natural tendency to rest after receiving their ration. In this case any fence is good. The better that is cheaper in accordance with existing materials in region. It is common to have fences
with excessive height. The
wire fences should only be barbed wire on the last thread top and bottom, and that pigs are scratching at the fence and barbed produce wounds that time is complicated by myiasis fly. In some cases
wire fences are economic.
The electric wire fences are cheaper and are helpful even taking a few precautions. For piglets suckers
such fences is inefficient unless you have 3 wires, the first 10 cm of soil, the other at 20 cm and 40 cm from the third floor. The ground beneath the wire to carpe the grass does not touch the wires and close the circuit discharging the battery. The wires must be isolated from poles and sticks.
3)
Shadow Shadow, indispensable in the pickets, replacing expensive and unhygienic or severe winter regions piletas.En used deciduous plant species, of large size and rapid growth. The pear has all the conditions and its fruits can be consumed by animals. In warm regions using evergreen species such as avocado (tree excellent for this purpose). It is necessary to protect the trunks of trees so that the pigs will not be damaged.
H)
feeders and drinkers
The pig is essentially based on the ability of pigs to transform coarse food and low commercial value in meat, food valorPor noble and great food so well as the equipment used in it are issues to consider carefully. The
feeders and drinkers
must meet the requirements of hygiene and easy cleaning.
1) Feeders
There are essentially two types of feeders:
· The manual (supplied directly)
· The Breakers (containing diet for several days) feeding
The manuals should be used in stages where it is necessary to monitor the status of animal fat (lactation, pregnancy, reproduction). The feeders
can be collective or individual. Wood, metal, etc. The measures must be commensurate with the amount and type of pigs that are destined.
2)
drinkers pigs drink water from the second day of life. For this reason, water must be available to the animals at all stages of parenting. There are several types of bebederos.Cuando is possible to deliver water through pipes to containment facilities, the problem is easily solved with appropriate hygienic precautions. When this solution is not feasible, water should be available to the pig through the installation bebedero.Al project is expected to supply water that reaches the automatic
drinkers through pipes from a tank installation cualquiera.Al project provides for the supply of water, which reaches
automatic drinkers through pipes from a tank either. The most common type of automatic
drinker is the constant level, which has many variants. This type of drinkers
is right for maternity, shall be so constructed as to allow access through rampa.Para Sucker other breeding stages the most suitable of all drinkers
is the type pacifier or cup, to be hygienic, functional, simple and económico.Altura Drinkers of
pacifiers
Category
pig / / Height of floor sucker sucker
/ / 0.15 m
weaned pigs / / 0.20 to 0.25 m
Puppy rearing / / 0 , 30 - 0.35 m
Capones in termination / / 0.50 to 0.55 m
gestating sows and stallions / / 0.50 to 0.65 m
I) SCALES
is essential to control weight animals at different stages of parenting. The weight for age and power consumption are the most efficient rates for individual assessment of the pig. For both indices is needed balanza.En the establishments must have two scales, one for piglets and one for large animals and alimento.Se must also have in a car to transport farm animals, implements for cleaning, disinfecting
equipment and instrumentation for correct operation the different stages of aging, bookmark, pliers, scissors, forceps, staplers, etc..
J)
ration factory hatcheries that have expertise must have a factory to prepare the food ration for pigs according to the formulas developed by the factory profesional.La serving in raising pigs, reduced more than 30% the cost of alimentación.La ration factory must have a grinder and mixer whose capacity is according to the size of criadero.La factory must be able to produce in a day's work the amount of food necessary to meet the demand of a week.
K) DEPOSIT OF SERVING
There should be located near places of accommodation of the Pigs for the storage of the diet that has been prepared. The dimensions of the tank must be proportionate to the size of the kennel.
L) WAREHOUSE
are designed to save construction machinery, vehicles and other equipment used in cleaning and construction mantenimiento.Deben be simple economic and functional.
GREAT FIRST ANNIVERSARY PARTY AND PEOPLE MATLAROCK SW CALINTE MORE NIGHT OF THE SPRING OF 2010 
